Advantages of Raman
Raman Spectroscopy combines the finger-printing advantage of mid-IR spectroscopy with the ease of use and remote, non-invasive capability of near-IR spectroscopy, to make it a very versatile tool for quantitative or qualitative analysis.
Raman Spectroscopy | Mid-IR Spectroscopy | Near-IR Spectroscopy | |
Phenomenon | Scattering | Absorption | Absorption |
Information | Fundamental vibrational bands (fingerprint region) | Fundamental vibrational bands (fingerprint region) | Overtone and Combination bands |
Type of samples analyzed | Ideal for organics, inorganics, metals | Ideal for organics, inorganics, metals | Does not work for metals and inorganics |
Sampling Issues | |||
Sample preparation | None (point and click method) | Often KBr pellet | None (point and click method) |
Sample state | Solid, liquid, powder, tablet, slurry, gel, suspension etc. | Solid samples need to be ground into KBr pellets | Solid, liquid, powder, tablet, slurry, gel, suspension etc. |
Glass vials | Not a problem, sampling through glass vials possible | nterference from glass | Not a problem, sampling through glass vials possible |
Water | Not a problem, aqueous solutions can be analyzed | Interference from water | Not a problem, aqueous samples can be analyzed |
Remote sampling | Up to 200 meters | Not possible, IR light loss in optical fibers | Up to 200 meters |
Libraries and Models | |||
Spectral interpretation | Easy | Easy | Difficult, often not very informative |
Building libraries | Easy and quick (commercial libraries available) | Easy and quick (IR-tables available) | Commercial libraries cannot be built, because its not a fundamental technique |
Quantitative analysis | Easy | Easy | Requires elaborate calibration set |
Calibration transfer | Easy | Easy | Possible but involved |
Applications | |||
Most common applications | Industry (material-ID, quantitative analysis, process monitoring, R&D) and Academia (fingerprinting) | Mostly academia and R&D (fingerprinting) | Industry (raw material ID, quantitative analysis and process control) |
Instrumentation | Portable and inexpensive miniature systems available for field deployment | Often a bench top or laboratory setup | Portable systems available, but expensive (upward of $40,000) |